| 1 |
Author(s):
Sanchita Kundu.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Education
Page No:
1-8 |
Teachers’ Perspective on Using ICT in Teaching-Learning Process in School.
Abstract
Incorporation of ICT in teaching practice will support teachers for enhancing the learning of students of and also classroom management. Now, ICT has taken the place of swapping traditional teaching approaches by technology-based tools along with facilities. In modern education policy, ICT is viewed as key tools for the development of students understanding, effective transmission of knowledge and promoting creativity of students. For effective implementation and integrating of ICT in classroom, teachers’ role is very crucial and considered as a main facilitator. So, this study is aimed to assess and measure the teachers’ perception towards ICT use in teaching practice and students’ engagement in classroom. Following descriptive survey method, the research was carried out and researcher reached the conclusion after analyzing the gathered data of 120 teachers. According to the outcomes, no weighty difference was observed in teachers’ perception in respect of gender, locality and school management type. Compared to female teachers and rural teachers, male teachers and urban teachers showed a greater positive perception towards ICT.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Dr. Supriya Roy.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Sanskrit
Page No:
9-15 |
Embodied Aesthetics: Application of Sanskrit Alankāra Theory in Temple Iconography
Abstract
The term of Alaṅkāra, one of the fundamental terms of Sanskrit poetics, represents the idea of the embellishment of the expression for aesthetic purposes. In the traditional sense, Alaṅkāra has been limited to literary theories, such as those present in the Kavyadarsha and Kavyalankara texts. However, it is also applicable to the realm of visual arts, which will be considered in this study as well. The notion of the temple ornamentation of India can be seen from the viewpoint of Alaṅkāra as the “visual language” associated with the aesthetic values expressed by the ornaments. The ornaments used in temples symbolically represent the ideas of different figures of speech, such as Upamā (simile), Rūpaka (metaphor), and Atiśayokti (hyperbole). With respect to this, the idea that visual representations are integrated into the aesthetic structure represented in the Natyashastra can be discussed in this context. Indeed, the use of ornaments, as well as the other aspects of temple art, can be seen as an aesthetic practice guided by the rules specified in the śilpa śāstra.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Soumen Saha.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Sanskrit
Page No:
16-22 |
স্মৃতিশাস্ত্রের দৃষ্টিতে প্রাচীন ভারতীয় নারী : একটি সমীক্ষামূলক আলোচনা
Abstract
ধর্মশাস্ত্রের বা স্মৃতিশাস্ত্রের দৃষ্টিতে প্রাচীন ভারতীয় সমাজে নারীর অবস্থান এক জটিল ও বহুমাত্রিক ঐতিহাসিক বিবর্তনের প্রতিফলন। এই গবেষণায় বৈদিক যুগ থেকে শুরু করে স্মৃতি, সূত্র, ব্রাহ্মণ, মহাকাব্য এবং পরবর্তী গুপ্ত ও মধ্যযুগ পর্যন্ত নারীর সামাজিক, ধর্মীয় ও বৌদ্ধিক অবস্থানের ধারাবাহিক পরিবর্তন বিশ্লেষণ করা হয়েছে। বৈদিক যুগে নারী ছিলেন শিক্ষিত, স্বাধীন ও ধর্মীয় কর্মকাণ্ডে সমান অংশীদার; গার্গী, মৈত্রেয়ী, লোপামুদ্রার মতো বিদুষী নারীরা জ্ঞানচর্চা ও দার্শনিক বিতর্কে সক্রিয় ভূমিকা পালন করেন। পরবর্তী উত্তর বৈদিক ও ব্রাহ্মণ যুগে সমাজ কাঠামোর পরিবর্তনের ফলে নারীর স্বাধীনতা কিছুটা সীমিত হলেও পরিবার ও ধর্মীয় জীবনে তার গুরুত্ব অটুট থাকে।সূত্রযুগে নারীর বৈদিক অধিকার সংকুচিত হয়ে তার ভূমিকা মূলত গৃহস্থ জীবনে কেন্দ্রীভূত হয়। স্মৃতিযুগে মনুস্মৃতি ও যাজ্ঞবল্ক্য স্মৃতির আলোচনায় নারীর প্রতি শ্রদ্ধা প্রকাশ পেলেও তার ব্যক্তিস্বাধীনতা অনেকাংশে নিয়ন্ত্রিত হয় এবং পিতা, স্বামী ও পুত্রের অধীনস্থতা প্রতিষ্ঠিত হয়। তবে ব্রহ্মবাদিনী ও সদ্যোবধূর মতো শ্রেণিবিভাগের মাধ্যমে নারীর শিক্ষাগত অবস্থান আংশিকভাবে স্বীকৃতি পায়। মহাকাব্য যুগে নারীকে “অর্ধাঙ্গিনী” রূপে কল্পনা করে পারিবারিক ও নৈতিক আদর্শের কেন্দ্রস্থলে স্থাপন করা হয়।গুপ্ত ও মধ্যযুগে নারীর অবস্থান দ্বৈত প্রকৃতির হয়ে ওঠে; একদিকে শিক্ষা ও সংস্কৃতিতে অংশগ্রহণ বৃদ্ধি পায়, অন্যদিকে বাল্যবিবাহ, পর্দাপ্রথা ও সতীদাহের মতো সামাজিক বিধিনিষেধ তার স্বাধীনতাকে সীমিত করে। সমগ্র আলোচনায় স্পষ্ট হয় যে প্রাচীন ভারতীয় সমাজে নারীর অবস্থান কখনো সম্পূর্ণ স্বাধীন, কখনো বা নিয়ন্ত্রিত—এই দ্বৈততার মধ্য দিয়েই তার ঐতিহাসিক বিবর্তন গড়ে উঠেছে। নারী জ্ঞান, ধর্ম ও সংস্কৃতির ধারক হিসেবে সমাজকে সমৃদ্ধ করেছেন, যদিও সময়ের সঙ্গে সঙ্গে তার স্বাধীনতার পরিসর পরিবর্তিত হয়েছে।
| 4 |
Author(s):
Shreeparna Ghosh, Sajal Ghosh.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Geography
Page No:
23-36 |
Tourist Typologies in Ayodhya: Mapping Visitor Profiles for Religious Tourism Development
Abstract
Ayodhya, one of India’s most significant religious and cultural destinations, has witnessed a growing influx of tourists, particularly in the wake of recent developments enhancing its visibility and infrastructure. This study aims to analyse the typologies of tourists visiting Ayodhya, with a focus on understanding their demographic profiles, motivations, travel behaviour, and patterns of engagement with the city’s religious and cultural sites. By categorizing tourists into distinct types—such as pilgrims, heritage tourists, casual visitors, and spiritual seekers—this research provides valuable insights into the diverse spectrum of visitors shaping Ayodhya’s tourism landscape. Primary data collected through surveys and interviews, complemented by secondary sources, form the basis for the typological mapping. The findings highlight how different tourist segments interact with the destination and suggest strategic considerations for tailored tourism development that aligns with the city’s religious significance and visitor expectations. This typological approach offers a foundation for destination planners and stakeholders to enhance visitor experience, infrastructure planning, and heritage management in Ayodhya.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Sonali Awasthi, Dr. Kumar Amit.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Geography
Page No:
37-46 |
Urban-Rural Disparities in Family Planning: A Case Study of Kanpur Nagar
Abstract
The present study looks into the awareness, accessibility and utilization of family planning among urban and rural population of Kanpur Nagar district in Uttar Pradesh. The research, through its analysis of both Primary and Secondary data obtained from the Household surveys and authentic government sources, reveals that there are significant differences between urban and rural populations in their knowledge of contraceptives, access to health care, socio-economic status, and cultural influences. The results indicate that urban residents have higher levels of awareness about family planning, better access to reproductive health services and higher use of modern methods of contraception, which can be attributed to better healthcare infrastructure, higher literacy rates and socio-economic benefits. Rural areas on the other hand, have limited access to health care facilities, lower literacy rates, limited media access, and the high influence of traditional social norms which makes it difficult to implement family planning. Overall, the study highlights the need for targeted interventions in the rural sector, such as improving healthcare access, expanding educational opportunities, and fostering gender equality to address these gaps. The findings will help to understand the influencing factors on family planning and will serve as the basis for policy suggestions to enable better reproductive health services in both urban and rural areas. The keyword used are Urban-Rural Disparities, Family Planning, Kanpur Nagar, Contraceptive Use, Healthcare Accessibility, Socio-Economic Factors, Women's Empowerment, Reproductive Health.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Manash Pratim Sarma.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Economics
Page No:
47-63 |
Agricultural Credit Utilization and Its Impact on Farm Productivity and Farm Income: Evidence from Small and Marginal Farmers in Darrang District of Assam
Abstract
Agricultural credit plays a crucial role in enhancing agricultural productivity, promoting technological adoption, and improving the economic well-being of farming households. The present study examines the extent and pattern of agricultural credit utilization among small and marginal farmers in Darrang district of Assam and analyses its impact on farm productivity and farm income. The study is based on primary data collected from 300 small and marginal farmers through a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistical techniques were employed to analyse the utilization pattern of agricultural credit, while Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression models were used to estimate the impact of credit utilization on farm productivity and farm income.
The findings reveal that agricultural credit has become an important source of production finance among farming households, with commercial banks and Kisan Credit Card (KCC) facilities emerging as the major sources of institutional credit. The majority of borrowers utilized credit for productive agricultural purposes, particularly for the purchase of seeds, fertilizers, labour, and farm equipment. The comparative analysis indicates that farmers utilizing agricultural credit achieved higher levels of productivity and farm income than non-credit users. The regression results further demonstrate that agricultural credit exerts a positive and statistically significant influence on both farm productivity and annual farm income. Education, farming experience, and operational landholding were also found to positively affect agricultural performance.
The study concludes that agricultural credit serves as an important catalyst for agricultural development among small and marginal farmers. Strengthening institutional credit delivery systems, expanding KCC coverage, improving financial literacy, and integrating credit support with extension services can significantly enhance agricultural productivity and rural livelihoods. The findings provide important policy insights for promoting inclusive agricultural growth and strengthening rural financial systems in Assam.
