The Devadasi Dance Tradition Of Dubi Parihareshwar Devalaya, Assam: History, Performance, And Preservation
Abstract
Assam, a culturally pluralistic state in Northeast India, has sustained social harmony through
diverse ethnic, linguistic, and religious traditions. The region’s religious life is shaped primarily
by Shaivism, Shaktism, and Vaishnavism, expressed through ancient Shaktipeeths and Shiva
temples that function as centers of worship, art, and community. While the Neo-Vaishnavite
movement of the 14th–15th centuries led by Srimanta Sankaradeva reoriented devotional practice,
Shaivism and Devi worship retained prominence. A distinctive feature of Assam’s temple culture
is the integration of performing arts into ritual worship. Among these, the Devadasi dance tradition,
locally called ‘Nati-nach’, represents a foundational form of India’s Margiya classical dance and
was historically performed in major Shiva temples including Parihareshwar Devalaya in Dubi.
This tradition declined due to loss of royal patronage, colonial intervention, and social reform.
Today it survives only in fragments, preserved through the memory of the last devadasis Kaishyala
Bala and Raiebala and documented by cultural figures like Bishnu Prasad Rabha and Ratnakanta
Talukdar. This paper investigates the historical origins of Dubi Parihareshwar Devalaya,
documents the performance structure, costumes, ornaments, and musical instruments of the Dubi
Devadasi tradition, and examines contemporary preservation efforts. It argues that institutional
support, academic documentation, and community engagement are essential for safeguarding this
endangered intangible heritage.